Darwin’s algorithm has been applied to fields such as economics, psychology, and anthropology. The physicist Lee Smolin applied it to the largest scale of all—cosmology—proposing that each black hole is a new universe, and that a universe more likely to produce black holes is more likely to produce more universes.8 Our universe has the properties that it does—such as the strengths of the weak, strong, gravitational, and electromagnetic forces—because they are conducive to creating black holes and, through them, new universes. Universes quite different from ours are less likely to produce black
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