London Business School professor Gary Hamel has taken up a crusade against bureaucracy by trying to put a value on our lost time and energy. After a broad workforce analysis, Hamel and his coauthor, Michele Zanini, claim that roughly half of the 23.8 million management roles in the United States are unnecessary.16 They found that a new wave of companies (including many featured in this book) have managed to cut their manager-to-employee ratio in half while keeping performance up. It follows that if the market could leverage the methods of these pioneers, 12.5 million managers would be free to
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