4. What are the costs of not relying upon standardized measurement? Are there other sources of information about performance, based on the judgment and experience of clients, patients, or parents of students? In a school setting, for example, the degree to which parents request a particular teacher for their children is probably a useful indicator that the teacher is doing something right, whether or not the results show up on standardized tests. In the case of charities, it may be most useful to allow the beneficiaries to judge the results.
