When James Madison studied government, his primary examples were Greek and Roman. The Federalist Papers, written by Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, mention the “early ages of Christianity” once, and only to criticize it as part of the feudal system.30 But the papers contain numerous references to Sparta, Carthage, Rome, the Achaean League, Thebes, Crete, Athens, and other federations.31 The
