Schwarz’s “opposition to Communism was not based upon economics or politics, but upon its false doctrines about God and man.”59 Graham echoed the propaganda, warning that “a great sinister and anti-Christian movement masterminded by Satan has declared war upon the Christian God.”60 Another clergyman, John Courtney Murray, wrote that it is “almost impossible to set limits to the danger of Communism as a spiritual menace.”61 Religious stars such as Fulton Sheen, Oral Roberts, Billy James Hargis, and Norman Vincent Peale all achieved new prominence in the early and mid-1950s. They bombarded
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