A related assumption is that people designated by the same word are the same in the factors relevant to the situation in which statistics are collected. When a study showed young male doctors earning very substantially higher incomes than young female doctors, that might signal sex discrimination to those who believe in the invincible fallacy. But when empirical data showed that young male doctors averaged 500 or more working hours annually than young female doctors worked,19 that mattered to those who prefer hard facts to sweeping visions.
