Rochester is not an anomaly; many US cities mirror these statistics. And just as Rochester did not become riddled by crime, high unemployment, drugs, and low-performing schools overnight, neither did Detroit, Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis, or Atlanta. White rage methodically destroyed these cities for their dark residents in the form of Jim Crow, school desegregation, urban development or gentrification (which is code for removing and displacing dark bodies), the War on Drugs, mass incarceration, police brutality, school rezoning and closings, redlining (from 1934 to 1968 the Federal Housing
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