At Kaiser Permanente South San Francisco Medical Center, for example, the introduction of no-interruption signaling in 2006 led to the “virtual elimination of nurse distractions for those wearing the vests,” according to the US government’s Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Over a six-month period, medication errors at the hospital fell by 47 percent. Nearly two decades after she initiated it, Pape’s lifesaving act of imitation has spread all over the country and the world.

