What of the nontheological Enlightenment, the ideas put forward by those who had to flee or were executed, and who were eventually marginalized or excised from the history books? What about the Enlightenment of Lucilio Vanini, Giordano Bruno, Baruch de Spinoza, or Pierre Gassendi? What difference would it make if human beings were seriously to consider themselves part of a material universe, of an evolved natural world, of the ecosystem? What if human societies banished any thoughts of subjugating the Earth and of intervention from beyond and concentrated entirely on the possibility of
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