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August 25, 2020 - February 21, 2023
although most sectors of the world are well into the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is centered on the use of AI, medicine is still stuck in the early phase of the third, which saw the first widespread use of computers and electronics
To illustrate that medicine is not adopting technology as quickly as other industries. Why?
greatest opportunity offered by AI is not reducing errors or workloads, or even curing cancer: it is the opportunity to restore the precious and time-honored connection and trust
Shockingly, up to one-third of medical operations performed are unnecessary.
the three most important measures of the efficacy of a healthcare system: longevity, infant/childhood mortality, and maternal mortality.
There are about 10,000 human diseases, and there’s not a doctor who could recall any significant fraction of them. If doctors can’t remember a possible diagnosis when making up a differential, then they will diagnose according to the possibilities that are mentally “available” to them, and an error can result. This is called the availability bias.
80 percent of doctors don’t think probabilities apply to their patients.
“Clinicians who were ‘completely certain’ of the diagnosis antemortem were wrong 40 percent of the time.”
But for medicine, instead of billions of data points, we’re typically in the thousands, occasionally in the millions. Such datasets don’t require a deep neural network, and if one is used, there are considerable problems of insufficient input and questionable output.
Weapons of Math Destruction, Cathy O’Neil observed that “many of these models encoded human prejudice, misunderstanding, and bias into the software systems that increasingly managed our lives.”
“twentieth century medicine aimed to heal the sick, but twenty-first century medicine is increasingly aiming to upgrade the healthy.”
AI experts to forecast when we might see artificial general intelligence. The consensus, albeit with a fair amount of variability, was by the year 2055.
one image generated every two seconds.
All Verb Surgical robots are connected to one another via the Internet, recording data of each procedure and applying machine learning to determine best surgical practice.58 Calling it “Surgery 4.0,” Verb’s concept of cloud-connected surgeons sharing experiences and access to data is akin to democratizing surgical practice.
diabetes is the most common expensive chronic condition,
Perhaps the best demonstration of a fusion of AI and neuroscience is the work being done to create “biohybrid” computers by integrating silicon neurons with biological neural networks.
Wtf
The drug we all take multiple times a day that needs to be personalized most is food. —LISA PETTIGREW
The extensive body of work done by Segal and Elinav is summarized in their book The Personalized Diet. Cumulatively, they’ve studied more than 2,000 people and summed up their revelations about nutrition science as “we realized we had stumbled across a shocking realization: Everything was personal.”
was able to use my Fitbit to export data on sleep and activity, but manually entering everything that I ate or drank on my phone was tedious.
Tedio posible pain
studied the effect of the length of home health visits for patients who had been discharged from hospitals after treatment for acute conditions. Based on more than 60,000 visits by nurses, physical therapists, and other clinicians, they found that for every extra minute that a visit lasts, there was a reduction in risk of readmission of 8 percent.
In 1895, William Osler wrote, “A case cannot be satisfactorily examined in less than half an hour. A sick man likes to have plenty of time spent over him, and he gets no satisfaction in a hurried ten or twelve minute examination.”
He reports that spending more time with patients reduced hospitalizations by 20 percent, saving millions of dollars as well as helping to avoid the risks of nosocomial infections and other hospital mishaps.
Not only does a longer visit enhance communication and build trust, it is linked with improved outcomes and can reduce subsequent costs.
Matthew Castle, a physician in England, published “Burnout,” an essay in which he projected himself as an AI machine doctor in 2100. He had plenty of deep learning intelligence, complete molecular and neuropsychiatric profiling of each patient, command of the entire biomedical literature, and the ability to perform thousands of simultaneous consultations. With all that data and AI, you’d think everything would be utopian, but the company he works for is demanding humanistic qualities. He winds up with burnout and requests a six-month sabbatical because “the problem is your requirement to
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interesting concept burned out ai
“I find that patients from almost any culture have deep expectations of a ritual when a doctor sees them, and they are quick to perceive when he or she gives those procedures short shrift by, say, placing the stethoscope on top of the gown instead of the skin, doing a cursory prod of the belly and wrapping up in thirty seconds.
“We are given unwitting front-row seats to the fortitude of humanity,”
