Dave Snowden, the director of the Centre for Applied Complexity at Bangor University, has spent decades thinking about knowledge management and ten years ago shared seven principles that challenge everything about our current approach: Knowledge can only be volunteered; it cannot be conscripted. We only know what we know when we need to know it. In the context of real need, few people will withhold their knowledge. Everything is fragmented. Tolerated failure imprints learning better than success. The way we know things is not the way we report we know things. We always know more than we can
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