Perhaps, due to implicit bias shared by most Americans, a large share of officers tends to treat black drivers just slightly more aggressively than white drivers. Consider the recent study in Oakland, California finding subtle differences in how officers spoke to white and black citizens they encountered (Voigt et al. 2017). These subtle but system-wide differences could be due to inaccurate statistical assumptions or over-wrought stereotypes.
While i sway latter here, i appreciate the non objective view
