Finally, we assess an important concern with these possible reforms: would less aggressive policing increase violence or crime? Through an analysis of the city which implemented the most dramatic shift in its policing practices, Fayetteville, we show not only that crime continued its long decline during the period of reform, but that, adjusting for the crime rate, citizen calls for service actually increased as the reforms took hold. Thus, community cooperation with the police was enhanced, leading to safer and better outcomes for all.