Quietly, though, this defense shields Black individuals and other individuals of color in positions of power from having to make antiracist policy, since even they are apparently powerless, since apparently White people have all the power. This means that individuals of color are powerless to roll back racist policies and eliminate racial injustice even in their own spheres of influence, the places where they actually do have some power to effect change. The powerless defense shields individuals of color from charges of racism even when these individuals are reproducing racist policies and
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