February, moreover, the pages of Le Moniteur indicate that a specifically revolutionary form of documentation, the so-called certificats de civisme, had begun to proliferate uncontrollably, and efforts were made to stem their availability. Introduced on November 1, 1792, the certificats de civisme had been made a requirement for all government functionaries with a law of February 5, 1793, and by June they were obligatory for all pensionnaires de la République. Such certificates could be denied to persons revealing a liking for foreigners or foreign customs. As attestations of revolutionary
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