Further deception would be managed via understandings with suppliers, involving a technique called ‘over-invoicing’. Here project bills – from the builders who constructed a steel mill, for example – would be inflated, with the difference shared between the supplier and the company. Bankers would be kept in the dark. Similar methods could also be used to over-value imports, like coal or iron ore, or to rig the terms of public–private partnership contracts.10
