Wisconsin’s defense was simple. The state claimed that it did nothing wrong. It was just politics, and Vieth made clear that there was no role for the court in politics. Moreover, if Democrats had fewer districts, it was only because their voters tend to be concentrated in the cities. The districts were drawn based on political geography, the state contended, nothing more. Whitford’s lawyers, however, countered that American citizens’ right to equal protection under the law had taken a beating because of the extreme partisan gerrymandering that the state executed. The trail of inequality was
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