It has now been established beyond any scientific doubt that the mind is what the brain does. The functioning of the brain is consciousness. In a sense, we are our brains. We know, for example, that if the brain is not functioning, then you are not conscious. If we put the brain to sleep, you go to sleep. In fact, recent studies have shown that you need about 40 percent of your cortex to be healthy and active to maintain wakeful consciousness.