The idea behind the gravitational lensing proposal, which the versatile Fritz Zwicky was the first to suggest, was that the gravitational influence of dark matter would also change the path of light emitted by a luminous object elsewhere.
I'm kind of loving Fritz Zwicky -- he's not afraid to announce his ideas to the world, regardless of how outlandish they might be. He makes some measurements, they don't add up, and he decides there must be another form of matter. How many of his ideas are wildly wrong? Zwicky don't care.

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Brian