Orthopedic surgeons in China performed a meta-analysis of 33 randomized trials involving 51,145 people. They evaluated the incidence of fractures in people taking supplements compared to those taking a placebo or getting no treatment. Taking calcium on its own, vitamin D on its own, or calcium plus vitamin D were not associated with a lower risk of fractures. The WHI confirmed these results in 2013 and again in 2024.11
