Attempts are made to put together solutions to simple problems hoping to solve a larger, though unstated, problem. The system is built from the bottom up: tying together islands of automation, etc. • A solution to an imprecisely stated problem is visualized and then the implementation of that vision becomes the problem! This happens frequently in industry and government as a result of “macho” or “political” engineering. Basically, the error is to state the problem in terms of a “solution.” If a system design problem has been stated only sketchily or hardly at all, then any system that is built
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