Four substantive new directions have opened up for the NPF. The first is the prospect of NPF comparative analyses, with policy issue and theoretical concept comparisons across countries becoming a rich new direction of research. A second avenue is recent work that focuses on a deeper exploration of the use of evidence in NPF analyses. A third path follows the emergence of digital media as valid narrative data. Finally, we posit a new NPF hypothesis on policy change grounded in policy narrative learning.
