the Gospel regularly labels these nonbelievers as hoi Ioudaioi, “the Jews.” Indeed, a major challenge of understanding the historical context of the Gospel is how to make sense of a narrative that features Jesus in close connection with Jewish traditions and rituals (shown though regular references to the ancestral figures of Abraham, Jacob, and Moses, as well as frequent attendance at Jewish festivals), and also in heated conflict with a group called “the Jews.” Historically, Jesus and all of his disciples were Jewish, so it seems puzzling to hear John's Jesus declare that unbelieving
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Re: John’s Gospel, the translation of “hoi Ioudaioi” (not “all Jews”; maybe Judeans?), and anti-Semitism
