we’ve generally left computer and Internet security to the market. This approach has largely worked satisfactorily, because it mostly hasn’t mattered. Security was largely about privacy, and entirely about bits. If your computer got hacked, you lost some important data or had your identity stolen. That sucked, and might have been expensive, but it wasn’t catastrophic. Now that everything is a computer, the threats are about life and property. Hackers can crash your car, your pacemaker, or the city’s power grid. That’s catastrophic.