“The U.S. conquest of the Philippines had been as cruel as any conflict in the annals of imperialism,” historian Stanley Karnow observed, “but hardly had it ended before Americans began to atone for its brutality.” Under the leadership of MacArthur and his successors, the United States began building railways and roads, overhauling the court system, and improving public health, from digging sewers to vaccinating villagers. In addition, more than a thousand teachers arrived from the United States, fanning out across the archipelago. “The educational work under the American military occupation
...more
