Service providers and platforms were protected as “safe harbors” under the law, provided they quickly and efficiently remove copyrighted material when notified. That was what had ultimately doomed Napster: it had never been able to take down 100% of the pirated files on its service. Five years on from Napster, might YouTube be able to find someone who could create a better system to remove illegally uploaded material—someone who had a mastery of algorithms, perhaps?