Deterrence by denial requires an exquisite defense. And while American intelligence officials will not concede the point, internal government assessments say it will be a decade—at least—before the United States can reasonably defend our most critical infrastructure from a devastating cyberattack launched by Russia or China, the two most skilled adversaries in the field. There are simply too many vital networks, growing too quickly, to mount a convincing defense. Offense is still wildly outpacing defense. As Bruce Schneier, a cyber expert whose work is a must-read on the topic, put it so well:
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