The lesson of the past decade is that, unless shooting breaks out, it will always be unclear if we are at peace or war. Governments that cannot stand up to far larger powers with conventional armies will have little incentive to give up the advantages that cyberweapons offer. We are living in a gray zone, one of constant digital conflict. That is not a pleasant prospect, but it is the world we have created for ourselves. To survive it, we must make some fundamental decisions, akin to ones we made after the invention of the airplane and the atomic bomb—decisions that enabled us to navigate a
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