“They used what’s called a flagrum, a whip that was designed to rip skin off the body and cause excessive bleeding. After just a few lashes, the victim’s skin began to come off in ribbons and their muscles tore. After a few more lashes, the muscles became like pulp. Arteries and veins were laid bare. Sometimes the flagrum would reach around the abdomen and the abdominal wall would give way, causing the victim’s intestines to spill out. Obviously, many people died during the flogging alone.”44