as an exclusive, tribal affair, and has remained so to some extent to this day. The Old Testament, the Talmud, and many (though not all) rabbis maintained that the life of a Jew is more valuable than the life of a Gentile, which is why, for example, Jews are allowed to desecrate the Sabbath in order to save a Jew from death but are forbidden to do so merely in order to save a Gentile (Babylonian Talmud, Yoma 84:2).10
