For most of the great first-generation theorists of the anticolonial wars, Marxism provided the indispensable starting point. In the 1920s and ’30s, practically the only men and women to be found preaching racial equality were communists. Most African nationalism after the Second World War, from Nkrumah and Fanon onwards, relied on some version of Marxism or socialism. Most communist parties in Asia incorporated nationalism into their agendas.
