They are a male philopatric species. That is, males stay in their natal groups, within a network of kin, while females disperse at sexual maturity to ensure there is no inbreeding. While it’s good for the species and individuals alike to have unrelated breeding partners, this arrangement generally means a life of misery for females who are, after all, interlopers of sorts, arrivistes in their social settings relative to males. The implications are hard to ignore: among other non-human primates, female dispersal/male philopatry means that females are at the bottom of the totem pole relative to
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