To break a complex enciphered code like the ones used by the Japanese military, it’s essential to have what’s known as “depth”: lots and lots of intercepted messages that can be lined up and compared. In the panicked atmosphere after Pearl Harbor, the group made a stab at a solution nonetheless. In 1941, a British colleague brought some Japanese Army intercepts to Friedman’s operation in the old Munitions Building. Friedman shut four of his staffers—Solomon Kullback, Wilma Berryman, Delia Taylor, and Abraham Sinkov—in a room, telling them not to emerge until they had broken something. The job
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