Mubadala was part of a trend in which rich states were playing a greater role in the global economy. Sovereign wealth funds had been around since the 1950s, when Saudi Arabia and Kuwait set up entities to find ways to invest their oil wealth with a long-term outlook. Other examples followed, from Norway’s Government Pension Fund to the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, the emirate’s main wealth fund. By Low’s visit, sovereign wealth funds controlled $3.5 trillion in assets, larger than the annual GDP of most Western nations. But Mubadala was novel: Rather than simply invest oil profits, securing
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