My command team and I added people to the cc line of emails whenever it seemed even the second or third order consequence of the operation discussed might impact them. We had to acknowledge we often could not predict who would and would not benefit from access to certain information. We took almost all phone calls on speakerphone: that included me, the commander in charge of our nation’s most sensitive forces. This could make people uncomfortable, sometimes intensely so. But never once did I see it hurt us as much as it helped. We were trying to normalize sharing among people used to the
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