One day Mr. Twing saw a group of Korean girls of school age shout “Manzai!”—which means merely “Hoorah!”—at passing Japanese soldiers. The Japanese immediately opened fire on them. Another group of schoolgirls walking down the road, not even shouting, were set upon by the angry troops. The Japanese beat them with rifle butts, knocked them down, tore away their clothing. Then, as Mr. Twing related back in Boston, “the soldiers treated them in a most shameful fashion.” The Koreans had to be taught that they were inseparably citizens of the empire, whatever the class rating of their citizenship
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