The opinion poll evidence does not suggest that there was an overwhelming majority for a decisive shift toward the EU. According to Kiev’s International Institute of Sociology, in November 2013 only 39 percent of respondents favored association with the EU, barely 2 percent more than the 37 percent who favored a Russian-led customs union.44 And those numbers were based on a hypothetical, not the stern terms offered by the IMF and the EU.
