what kind of information the professor wants you to know.” To accomplish this goal, answer the following questions: • Which lectures and reading assignments (or problem sets) are fair game? • What type of questions will there be, and how many of each? As Christine from Harvard explains: “It’s helpful to know in advance what kind of knowledge will be asked for on the exam—IDs, dates, broad syntheses of the texts’ major arguments?” • Is the exam open note or open book?