Any discussion of Marx’s relevance in the world today must start with the fact that almost 1.4 billion Chinese live under the rule of the Communist Party of China, which according to its constitution adheres to Marxism-Leninism, as well as views developed by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, and more recent Chinese leaders. Officially, Marx’s ideas are regarded as the basis for all of these views, and the outcome is described as ‘socialism with Chinese characteristics’.