The proper sources of joy and happiness are fundamental in one formulation of the Buddhist path found in the early texts. This consists of sīla (ethical action or morality), samādhi (concentration or meditation) and pañña (insight, understanding or wisdom).30 These three elements build on each other and are to be developed together. It has been argued that, among these three, morality and insight are the essential elements of the ultimate goal, while meditation is mainly a way to cultivate those.
