Like the suicidal policies of Nicholas II in Russia, Francis Joseph’s youthful and naive experiment in autocracy illustrates what is perhaps the deadliest weapon in the arsenal of revolutionary movements: their ability to goad their adversaries into self-slaughtering madness. Ironically, Francis Joseph was probably saved from destruction by the very enormity of his error. He had so radically misread the whole politico-diplomatic situation in Europe that the saber of reaction was wrenched out of his hands before he had time to chop off his own head with it.

