When the Constituent Assembly met on January 18, 1918, and a Bolshevik resolution supported by the dissident Social-Revolutionaries, was rejected, Lenin ordered the meeting hall to be occupied by Red Guards and locked out the delegates. That was the end of Russian democracy. “The dissolution of the Constituent Assembly means the complete and open repudiation of the democratic idea in favor of the dictatorship concept,” Lenin declared with his customary brutal frankness. From that time all overt opposition to the new despotism would be considered as counterrevolutionary.

