To a much greater degree than is generally realized, 1919 was a kind of dress rehearsal for 1945; there was even an ambitious — and nearly successful — attempt by Lenin to use the bayonets of the Red Army, as Stalin was to do a generation later, for imposing Bolshevism throughout Eastern and Central Europe. In final analysis much of the turmoil in Europe during the era of the peace settlements was simply the Russian civil war moving west.

