So essentially, the United States Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution based on false and deceitful information given to them by the Johnson Administration. The National Security Agency (NSA) eventually took the blame saying they mishandled intelligence and admitted there was no second attack on the Maddox.[61] U.S. military ground and air involvement in Vietnam seems to have been based on untruths. Interestingly enough, Richard Helms, director of the CIA and a member of CFR, controlled this operation and not the Navy.
