In contrast to this older view of a radically independent, simple, and purely actual God stands the newer approach of theistic mutualism,1 called by some “theistic personalism.”2 In an effort to portray God as more relatable, theistic mutualists insist that God is involved in a genuine give-and-take relationship with His creatures. Theistic mutualists may disagree among themselves on precisely how much control God has over the give-and-take process, but all agree that God is somehow involved in such an exchange.
