By achieving a paradoxical goal in business—a low-cost product that sells for a premium price—Apple has become the most profitable company in history.6 The equivalent is an auto firm with the margins of Ferrari and the production volumes of Toyota. In Q4 of 2016, Apple registered twice the net profits Amazon has produced, in total, since its founding twenty-three years ago.7,8,9 Apple’s cash on hand is nearly the GDP of Denmark.10,11
