Here are a few examples of other quantities that one could strive to maximize and that may be rigorously definable in terms of particle arrangements: The fraction of all the matter in our Universe that’s in the form of a particular organism, say humans or E. coli (inspired by evolutionary inclusive-fitness maximization) The ability of an AI to predict the future, which AI researcher Marcus Hutter argues is a good measure of its intelligence What AI researchers Alex Wissner-Gross and Cameron Freer term causal entropy (a proxy for future opportunities), which they argue is the hallmark of
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