said that what Americans didn’t understand about Muslim men around the world was their sense of “humiliation” by the West. “The real challenge is to understand the spiritual lives of the poor, humiliated, discredited people who have been excluded from its fellowship,” he wrote. What drives men “is not Islam or this idiocy people call the war between East and West, nor is it poverty; it is the impotence born of a constant humiliation, of a failure to make oneself understood, to have one’s voice heard.”

