Thanks to the lasting political chaos and public discontent, it was now plain that the Weimar Republic’s days were numbered. As Spender later wrote, they had entered the ‘Weimardämmerung [twilight in Weimar]’. ‘Tugged by forces within and without, by foreign powers and foreign money-lenders, industrialist plotters, embittered generals, impoverished landed gentry, potential dictators, refugees from Eastern Europe, the government reeled from crisis to crisis, within a permanent crisis.’
description of why weimar doomed by 1932
