as we put AI in charge of ever more physical systems, we need to put serious research efforts into not only making the machines work well on their own, but also into making machines collaborate effectively with their human controllers. As AI gets smarter, this will involve not merely building good user interfaces for information sharing, but also figuring out how to optimally allocate tasks within human-computer teams—for example, identifying situations where control should be transferred, and for applying human judgment efficiently to the highest-value decisions rather than distracting human
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